Cradle to Gate
Identity ID
5fd677c0-9fdb-43d4-9a17-75bb7eb76a50
Materials
Associated ID
71785e27-4503-40af-ad95-961a8c72b863
Included activities starts
Included activities ends
Description
Steam is a by-product of the steelmaking process. Bearing steel billets are the initial form used to manufacture high-precision bearings, primarily made from high-carbon chromium steel materials. Their chemical composition generally includes carbon (0.95% to 1.1%) and chromium (1.3% to 1.65%), along with small amounts of manganese, silicon, phosphorus, and sulfur. This composition gives bearing steel excellent mechanical properties and heat treatment performance, including high hardness, high wear resistance, and good dimensional stability. The billet production process includes stages such as converter smelting, molten steel refining, casting, and shaping, covering energy consumption, material consumption, waste treatment, and environmental emissions required during production. This dataset is compiled from data sourced from multiple origins. The dataset describes a scrap steel input of approximately 0.43 kg/kg steel in electric arc furnace steelmaking.
Activity Description
The production process of steel billets includes steps such as converter smelting, molten steel refining, and casting and shaping of molten steel, covering energy consumption, material consumption, waste treatment, and environmental emissions during the production process.
Process Description
Steam is a key form of energy used in numerous industrial and commercial applications, widely utilized for heating, power generation, and cleaning purposes. High-quality steam is essential for ensuring process efficiency, equipment performance, and operational safety. The pressure, temperature, and purity of steam are critical indicators determining its suitability and efficiency.
Time period
2021
2026
Geography
China
Macroeconomic value
Business-as-Usual
Data validation
Yes
Technology
Current Technology
Technology comment
Electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking is a method of steel production that utilizes the thermal effect of an electric arc to heat and melt raw materials. Electrical energy is introduced into the electric arc furnace through graphite electrodes, with the electric arc formed between the electrode tips and the charge serving as the heat source. EAF steelmaking primarily uses scrap steel as the main raw material, supplemented by alloys, lime, carbon raisers, and other auxiliary materials. The basic EAF steelmaking process includes slag removal and refractory lining repair, charging of metallic raw materials, power supply, melting, oxidation, reduction refining, and tapping. In this unit process, the scrap steel ratio in electric furnace steelmaking is approximately 40%.