Cradle to Gate
Identity ID
7d1f9fa0-bb2b-44d1-bf61-d37831eaeee5
Materials
Associated ID
f8e99336-1c66-444e-8189-fee1a9cb06b1
Included activities starts
Included activities ends
Description
This dataset represents iron ore from underground mining in Hebei. It covers the full life cycle inventory (cradle-to-gate) from drilling to iron ore production, encompassing all activities related to iron ore mining and production, but excluding the production of drilling rigs, transportation equipment, personnel travel during mining operations, and direct or indirect greenhouse gas emissions from daily office activities. The dataset was compiled from multiple data sources based on national standards such as the 'Manual of Production and Emission Coefficients for the Iron Ore Mining and Processing Industry (0810)', 'Emission standard of pollutants for mining and mineral procressing industry (GB 28661-2012)', 'Cleaning production standard Iron ore mining and mineral processing industry', and 'The norm of the energy consumption per unit product of iron ore dressing(GB31337-2014)', representing the average production level of underground iron ore mining in Hebei.
Activity Description
This dataset describes underground iron ore mining in Hebei, and the process flow is as follows:
1. Drilling
Drilling is the process of boring holes into underground ore bodies in preparation for blasting. Drilling machines (such as drill rigs) are used to create holes in the ore body for loading explosives. The accuracy and efficiency of drilling directly affect the subsequent blasting performance and overall mining effectiveness.
2. Blasting
Blasting involves detonating explosives in pre-drilled holes to fracture the ore. Through blasting, the ore is broken down into smaller pieces suitable for loading and transportation. Blasting operations require precise control of the amount of explosive and detonation timing to ensure uniform ore fragmentation and safety.
3. Loading
Loading is the process of loading broken ore into mine trucks or other transport equipment. Equipment such as loaders and excavators is used to load the ore. The efficiency of loading is crucial for subsequent transportation and mining progress.
4. Transportation
Underground ore transportation involves moving loaded ore to hoisting points. Transport methods include mine trucks, electric carts, or belt conveyors. The transportation system must be designed rationally to ensure safe and efficient ore delivery.
5. Hoisting
Hoisting is the process of transporting underground ore to the surface using a hoisting system. Hoists or lifting equipment are primarily used to raise the ore to the surface. The safety and efficiency of the hoisting equipment directly affect the overall mining operation.
6. Ventilation
Ventilation is the process of ensuring air circulation in underground mines to provide fresh air and remove harmful gases. Ventilation systems include fans, air ducts, and air regulation devices, which ensure a suitable working environment underground.
7. Drainage
Underground mine drainage is the process of managing accumulated water within a mine, including groundwater and seepage. Water is removed using equipment such as drainage pumps and pipelines to prevent the impact of water accumulation on mining operations and equipment.
Process Description
Iron ore is the primary raw material for steel production, and steel is one of the core materials for modern industry and infrastructure. China is the world's largest steel producer and has enormous demand for iron ore. However, China's iron ore resources are characterized by low grade and high impurity content, requiring most iron ore to undergo beneficiation before use. Magnetic separation is the main beneficiation technology for iron ore in China, especially suitable for magnetite and vanadium-titanium magnetite. For non-magnetic or weakly magnetic ores such as hematite, limonite, and siderite, a combination of processes including roasting, gravity separation, high-intensity magnetic separation, and flotation is typically required to improve the yield and grade of iron concentrate.
Time period
2022
2026
Geography
China,Hebei
Geography comment
Forming Hebei's average data through merging data from multiple sources
Macroeconomic value
Business-as-Usual
Data validation
Yes
Technology
Current Technology
Technology comment
The underground mining process of iron ore in China includes procedures such as drilling, blasting, loading, transportation, hoisting, ventilation, and drainage.