Cradle to Gate
Identity ID
bbdf1176-3532-4fe6-9c2a-33ab9ca77e93
Materials
Associated ID
9f20bda1-492f-460e-aaef-e55cb56c24d6
Included activities starts
Included activities ends
Description
This dataset represents the production of 1 t of manganese oxide. It assesses the resource consumption and environmental load of the manganese oxide production process. Manganese oxide is a class of minerals or chemicals with high-valence oxides of manganese as the main component, the typical representative being manganese dioxide MnO2, which has a relatively high manganese content and strong oxidizing property. Its appearance is mostly black or dark brown powder or lumps, with a density of about 5 g/cm3; its melting point varies with the crystal form, and its chemical properties are stable but it exhibits obvious oxidizing property in acidic media. The key upstream raw material of the product is manganese-bearing ore, especially pyrolusite, and some high-purity products require manganese salts or other intermediates for preparation; the downstream is mainly used for dry battery manufacture, metallurgical deoxidation and alloying, the coloration of ceramics and glass, environmental remediation and the production of manganese chemical products. The system boundary includes the main production sub-processes such as beneficiation and enrichment after raw ore mining, drying, roasting modification, crushing and screening, chemical purification and finished-product processing, and also covers the collection and treatment of tailings, waste residue, wastewater and waste gas generated during the process. The dataset includes the main raw and auxiliary materials, energy and wastes of the production process, while infrastructure such as the manufacture of production equipment and plant construction is not included within the dataset boundary; the data inventory is formed by merging data from multiple sources.
Activity Description
The entire production process includes the manganese oxide production process.
Process Description
Manganese oxide is a high-grade manganese compound prepared from manganese concentrate through roasting, chemical treatment or electrolysis. It is a dark brown to black solid powder with a density of about 5.0-5.1g/cm3 and a hardness of about 5-6. It has active chemical properties and can participate in reduction and oxidation reactions. It is often used in the production of electrolytic manganese metal, ferromanganese alloys, dry batteries, chemical oxidants, and ceramic pigments. Manganese oxide particles are small and uniform, have low impurity content, and have good dispersion and reactivity, which help improve the efficiency of smelting and chemical processes.
Time period
2020
2026
Geography
China
Geography comment
Generated by merging multiple source data sets in this geographical location.
Macroeconomic value
Business-as-Usual
Data validation
Yes
Technology
Current Technology
Technology comment
The process of preparing manganese oxide from manganese concentrate mainly includes two steps: roasting and concentrate treatment. The manganese concentrate is heated in a high-temperature roasting furnace to partially oxidize the manganese compounds in it to form high-grade manganese oxide or mixed manganese oxide. During the roasting process, the temperature, ventilation and holding time are controlled to ensure that the product has high manganese content and uniform particles. The roasted manganese oxide is screened, classified or ground to remove large pieces and impurities to obtain the final manganese oxide product for electrolytic manganese production.