Cradle to Gate
Identity ID
dba68d08-b6d3-4c43-8210-94238c09a259
Materials
Associated ID
5f6a98b4-e14c-4c3f-8cb6-a50430e6b744
Included activities starts
Included activities ends
Description
Spent lead-acid batteries typically come from end-of-life automobiles and electric bicycles. Depending on structural and functional differences, lead-acid batteries can be categorized into starting (flooded) lead-acid batteries, motive (valve-regulated) lead-acid batteries, and other types. Spent lead-acid batteries contain 30%--40% (by mass) of spent lead paste.
This process refers to lead paste refining, employing an alkaline pyrometallurgical refining method. The pyrometallurgical refining workshop is equipped with refining kettles operating under negative pressure and indirect heating. The refining process is conducted under vacuum conditions. Raw lead is transferred in liquid form by a lead pump into the refining kettle in the pyrometallurgical refining workshop. Under conditions of 420--450 °C, a small amount of refining agents such as NaOH and sodium nitrate are added to remove impurities, producing refined lead.
This dataset applies to the refining process of lead paste from spent lead-acid batteries.
Activity Description
This dataset represents the process of removing impurities from crude lead through pyrometallurgical refining, including energy and auxiliary material consumption, as well as emissions of water pollutants, air pollutants, and solid waste.
Process Description
Feed the lead paste into the refining furnace to refine and remove impurities from the lead paste.
Time period
2012
2026
Geography
China
Geography comment
Guizhou Province
Macroeconomic value
Business-as-Usual
Data validation
Yes
Technology
Current Technology
Technology comment
Refining crude lead into pure lead using alkaline pyrometallurgical refining process