This dataset represents the average power generation situation of conventional hydropower in China. Its data are obtained by weighted aggregation of the production datasets of Hebei, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian and other provinces (regions, municipalities). For reservoir-dam type hydropower in specific regions, the greenhouse gas (mainly for CO2 and CH4) emissions over the reservoir life cycle are estimated based on the Tier 1 method of the National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Guidelines (2019 revision), and the emission factors are adjusted according to the local climate zone and the reservoir age; the hydropower station parameters are set according to design specification standards, namely the technical service life of small hydropower projects is 30 years, that of medium hydropower projects is 50 years, and that of large hydropower projects is 100 years; their power generation data are collected in a bottom-up manner. For run-of-river hydropower in specific regions, the power generation data are estimated by deducting the power generation of pumped storage and reservoir-dam type hydropower stations from the total local hydropower generation, and the average-scale hydropower station parameters are set at 50 years according to design specification standards. The data are mainly sourced from official statistical data.