The dataset represents a load capacity of 4. A medium-duty truck with a capacity of 5--12 tonnes (including 12 tonnes) and meeting China V emission standards provides one ton-kilometer of freight transport service over a distance of one kilometer. The transport dataset covers the entire life cycle of transportation, including the construction, operation, maintenance, and end-of-life of vehicles and highway infrastructure.
The average cargo load of this medium-duty truck is 10 tonnes, and the average load factor is 60%. These values are referenced from studies on fuel consumption of freight vehicles and the "China Highway Freight Big Data Carbon Emissions Report". Fuel consumption and major emissions (nitrogen oxides, nitrous oxide, methane, non-methane hydrocarbons, ammonia, benzene, and lead) are calculated based on fuel consumption limits for operating diesel trucks as stipulated in Chinese standards and literature.
Truck size and load factor determine the Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW), and thus influence fuel consumption and exhaust as well as non-exhaust emissions. Exhaust emissions from fuel combustion depend on the fuel (fuel type and quantity) or on the emission standard, the latter reflecting the emission regulations the vehicle complies with. For highway infrastructure, expenditures and environmental interventions due to highway construction are allocated based on total ton-kilometer performance. Expenditures for highway infrastructure operation and land use have been allocated based on annual vehicle kilometers.