Cradle to Gate
Identity ID
ec52fc6d-af59-448c-8786-e4c386c48bf6
Materials
Associated ID
f44e800a-e7e3-4485-8f7d-1bcccd4fe5ce
Included activities starts
Included activities ends
Description
Spent lead-acid batteries generally come from scrapped automobiles and electric bicycles. Depending on structural and functional differences, lead-acid batteries can be classified into starting (flooded electrolyte) lead-acid batteries, motive (valve-regulated) lead-acid batteries, and other types. Spent lead-acid batteries contain 24%--30% (by mass) of lead alloy components such as grids and terminals. The refining of grids is carried out using an alkaline pyrometallurgical refining process. The pyrometallurgical refining workshop is equipped with refining kettles, operating under negative pressure and using indirect heating. The refining process takes place under vacuum conditions. After smelting, the grids enter the refined lead kettle in the pyrometallurgical refining workshop, where a small amount of refining agents such as sodium hydroxide and sodium nitrate are added at temperatures between 420-450°C to remove impurities, producing refined lead.
This dataset applies to the refining process of grids from waste lead-acid batteries.
Activity Description
This dataset represents the process of removing impurities from smelted battery grids through pyrometallurgical refining, including energy and auxiliary material consumption, as well as emissions of water pollutants, air pollutants, and solid waste.
Process Description
Put the smelted grid into the refining furnace for refining to remove impurities.
Time period
2012
2026
Geography
China
Geography comment
Guizhou Province
Macroeconomic value
Business-as-Usual
Data validation
Yes
Technology
Current Technology
Technology comment
Refining the smelted grid into refined lead using an alkaline pyrometallurgical refining process