Cradle to Gate
Identity ID
efbb5193-3324-448a-afb9-a6654a9a33fe
Materials
Associated ID
cbf8dcd1-228c-43d3-98c3-3c4f0e967776
Included activities starts
Included activities ends
Description
Barium sulfate is widely used in industries such as paint, coatings, inks, batteries, paper, plastics, rubber, ceramics and fragrances, and is also used in the manufacture of other barium salts; Barium sulfate is modelled as a pure substance; when modelling this substance the user needs to add a solvent of their choice in the model; the dataset contains the main raw and auxiliary materials, energy, atmospheric emissions, wastewater and solid waste of the production process, in which the preliminary treatment of wastewater in the auxiliary units and the waste gas treatment process are included within the dataset boundary, and infrastructure such as the manufacture of production equipment and the construction of plant buildings is not included within the dataset boundary; the data inventory is formed by merging data from multiple sources; the production activities of this product include raw material crushing, coal powder preparation, barite reduction, barium conversion, nitre conversion, combination, filter-press washing, acid adjustment, filter-press drying and crushing. Sodium sulfide is a by-product of this production process, allocated according to physical relationship (mass).
Activity Description
Barium sulfate adopts the barite reduction roasting-sodium sulfate metathesis method. The production activities include raw material crushing, coal powder preparation, barite reduction, barium conversion, nitrate conversion, compounding, filter press washing, acid adjustment, filter press drying, crushing and other processes.
Process Description
The chemical formula of barium sulfate is BaSO4, CAS number is 7727-43-7, and its appearance is white orthorhombic crystal, non-toxic. The melting point is 1580°C, chemically stable, almost insoluble in water, ethanol and acid, and soluble in hot concentrated sulfuric acid. It can be easily mixed with potassium permanganate, calcium carbonate or metal nitrate to form mixed crystals, and can be reduced to barium sulfide by heating with carbon. It is widely used in paints, coatings, inks, batteries, papermaking, plastics, rubber, ceramics, spices and other industries, and is also used in the manufacture of other barium salts.
Time period
2010
2026
Geography
China
Macroeconomic value
Business-as-Usual
Data validation
Yes
Technology
Current Technology
Technology comment
The production of barium sulfate in China is mainly divided into two categories: the physical processing method using natural barite as raw material and the chemical synthesis method. Among them, the physical processing method occupies the vast majority of the market share (about 90% or more) by virtue of its resource advantages and cost-effectiveness, while the chemical synthesis method is used to produce high-value-added, high-purity products. When producing barium sulfate through the barite processing method, barite and white coal are first crushed and screened, and the fuel coal is ground into coal powder. Then the barite and white coal are reduced under heating conditions in a rotary kiln to produce crude barium sulfide. The crude barium sulfide is leached and clarified, and the resulting solution is reacted with the sodium sulfate solution prepared in the sodium sulfate preparation tank in a compounding tank to undergo a double decomposition reaction, generating barium sulfate and sodium sulfide. The barium sulfate slurry is filtered and washed with water, the barium cake is acidified and then filtered again and dried, and the dried product is crushed to obtain the final product. The sodium sulfide solution is clarified, concentrated by multi-effect evaporation, and then cooled and tableted to obtain flake sodium sulfide. The core chemical reaction equation of this process is: BaS + Na₂SO₄ = BaSO₄ + Na₂S.