Cradle to Gate
Identity ID
f169ed93-f0f2-494f-b545-459b3629f4d5
Materials
Associated ID
25885ae2-a820-49b3-afd7-12239a3b4759
Included activities starts
Included activities ends
Description
This dataset represents the production of sodium bentonite. The production process includes stages such as crushing, sodium activation, drying and grinding. The main data are sourced from public reports and official standards. Information about the emission inventory:
1. For the emissions of pollutants such as SO2 and NOx, the values are taken from the fuel combustion emissions.
2. For the emissions of PM (≤2.5 μm), PM (2.5-10 μm) and PM (≥10 μm), the values are estimated based on the total particulate matter and emission factors from public literature.
3. For the emissions of pollutants such as wastewater, the values are taken from measured values in public reports.
4. All emission quantities take into account the emission limits of the ambient air quality standards.
Activity Description
The boundary of the product's production activities is the sodium bentonite production stage, including crushing, sodification, drying, grinding, and other processes. These processes involve pollutant gas emissions from fuel combustion, dust particulate emissions, and losses of dust suppression water and bentonite production process water
Process Description
Sodium bentonite is a natural clay mineral with montmorillonite as its core component. Its main chemical components are SiO₂, Al₂O₃ and Na₂O. Its key properties are excellent swelling properties and cation exchange capabilities when exposed to water. With its high viscosity, high expansion and strong adsorption, sodium bentonite is widely used in drilling mud, iron ore pellet bonding, underground engineering waterproof sealing, and as an efficient anti-seepage material for the lining of landfills and water conservancy projects.
Time period
2021
2026
Geography
China
Macroeconomic value
Business-as-Usual
Data validation
Yes
Technology
Current Technology
Technology comment
This technology includes crushing, sodication, drying, grinding, and other steps. Its core is to replace Ca²⁺ in calcium bentonite with Na⁺ through the medium of water under specific conditions, thereby converting it into sodium bentonite. The advantages of this method are complete reaction and high product purity, while the disadvantages are long process flow, high energy consumption, and large water loss.