This dataset represents the provision of 1 ton-kilometer freight transport services by freight trains. It includes the production and maintenance of locomotives and railcars, the construction of railway tracks, and the energy use and operational emissions associated with operating freight trains. Data on energy use and operational emissions are primarily derived from industry surveys, standards, transportation yearbooks, and literature reviews, representing average conditions in China. According to official statistical yearbooks, diesel locomotives account for approximately 30% of total freight turnover, while electric locomotives account for approximately 70% in the Chinese freight train market.