Cradle to Gate
Identity ID
f5a2fcb5-76bc-4b92-8b78-d55d3d371adb
Materials
Associated ID
ea894a55-d0bd-4250-a906-aff2be5992f0
Included activities starts
Included activities ends
Description
This dataset represents a life cycle inventory of raw coal production cradle-to-gate, starting with open-pit coal mining, covering all activities associated with raw coal production, but excluding coal washing and preparation processes, as well as direct or indirect greenhouse gas emissions from the production of equipment such as conveyors and mining vehicles, personnel travel during coal production, and daily office operations. The dataset was compiled from multiple data sources based on national standards including the "Cleaner Production Standard for Coal Mining and Preparation Industry" (HJ 446-2008), "Emission Standards of Pollutants for Coal Industry", and "Soil Environmental Quality Standards of the People's Republic of China", representing the average production level in Jilin.
Activity Description
This dataset describes the open-pit mining of raw coal, with the following process steps:
Drilling: Holes are drilled on the mining face of the mining area according to the ore body distribution and mining design, typically using large-scale drilling rigs. The primary purpose of drilling is to prepare channels for blasting operations.
Blasting: Blasting involves filling the drilled holes with explosives and detonating them to fracture the ore or rock. This process produces broken rock fragments, facilitating subsequent loading operations.
Loading: Large excavation equipment (such as electric shovels or hydraulic excavators) is used to load the blasted ore or rock onto transport vehicles. The selection of excavation and loading equipment usually depends on the deposit size and geological conditions.
Crushing: Ore or rock is initially crushed to facilitate subsequent transportation or further processing. Crushing is typically carried out at the mining site or temporary crushing stations, aiming to reduce ore particle size and improve transport efficiency.
Haulage: Haulage refers to the process of transporting ore or waste rock from the mining area to designated locations, usually using large trucks, belt conveyors, or railways. The choice of haulage routes and equipment depends on the mine scale and transportation distance.
Dumping: Dumping is the process of transporting overburden, waste rock, or other non-mineralized materials to waste dumps. Spoil heaps are typically located around the periphery of mines, and their stability and environmental impacts must be considered.
Pollutant Treatment and Disposal: Waste materials, dust, and wastewater generated during open-pit mining operations require proper treatment. Dust is usually suppressed by water sprinkling, while wastewater is treated through sedimentation tanks and chemical processes before discharge, ensuring compliance with environmental standards.
Ecological Restoration and Remediation: Environmental damage caused by mining activities must be addressed through ecological restoration measures, including topsoil reclamation, vegetation restoration, and soil and water conservation. The goal of ecological restoration is to recover the natural ecosystem of the mined area and minimize long-term impacts on the surrounding environment.
Process Description
Jilin Province has widespread coal resources, with 32 out of 46 cities and counties possessing coal deposits. The coal types are relatively comprehensive, including long-flame coal, lignite, gas coal, fat coal, coking coal, lean coal, and anthracite. The resources are mainly distributed in the Jiaohe Coalfield, Yingcheng Coalfield, Helong Coalfield, Yangcaogou Coalfield, as well as parts of the Meihedistrict and Hunchun Coalfield, which belong to the old Tertiary coal-bearing strata. Lignite is mainly distributed in the Shulan coalfield, some mining areas of the Hunchun coalfield, and the Liufangzi coalfield; gas coal is primarily found in the Liaoyuan, Hunjiang, Wanrong, and Shansonggang coalfields; coking coal is mainly distributed in the Hunjiang, Wanrong, and Shansonggang coalfields; anthracite is sporadically distributed, but with small areas and limited reserves. The raw coal has an ash content of 11–45%, total sulfur of 0.23–2.84%, volatile matter of 12–55%, carbon content of 72.58–88.55%, and a net calorific value on an as-received basis (Qnet,ar) of 2922–8626 kcal/kg.
Time period
2022
2026
Geography
China,Jilin
Geography comment
Form Jilin's average data through merging data from multiple sources.
Macroeconomic value
Business-as-Usual
Data validation
Yes
Technology
Current Technology
Technology comment
Open-pit mining includes drilling, blasting, loading, crushing, transportation, waste dumping, pollutant treatment and disposal, and ecological restoration and management.