Cradle to Gate
Identity ID
02f40fb6-9f85-4e5b-a1ce-920b1c6ffa33
Materials
Associated ID
a4a19dfc-890a-4342-bb66-8a0482e54724
Included activities starts
Included activities ends
Description
This dataset represents the life cycle inventory (cradle-to-gate) of hematite ore from underground mining in China, covering all activities related to hematite ore mining production from drilling to ore output. It does not include the production of drilling rigs, transport equipment, personnel travel during mining operations, or direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions from routine office activities. The dataset was compiled from multiple data sources based on national standards such as the 'Manual of Production and Emission Coefficients for the Iron Ore Mining and Processing Industry (0810)', 'Emission standard of pollutants for mining and mineral procressing industry (GB 28661-2012)', 'Cleaning production standard Iron ore mining and mineral processing industry', and 'The norm of the energy consumption per unit product of iron ore dressing(GB31337-2014)', representing the average production level of underground hematite mining in China.
Activity Description
This dataset describes underground iron ore mining in China, with the following process steps:
1. Drilling
Drilling is the process of creating boreholes in underground ore bodies in preparation for blasting. Drilling machines (such as drill rigs) are used to bore holes into the ore body for charging with explosive agents. The precision and efficiency of drilling directly affect the subsequent blasting effectiveness and overall mining performance.
2. Blasting
Blasting involves detonating explosives loaded into pre-drilled holes to fragment the ore. Through blasting, the ore is broken down into smaller pieces suitable for loading and transportation. Blasting operations require precise control of explosive quantity and detonation timing to ensure uniform ore fragmentation and operational safety.
3. Loading
Loading is the process of loading blasted ore into mine trucks or other transportation equipment. Equipment such as loaders and excavators are used to load the ore. The efficiency of loading is crucial for subsequent transportation and mining progress.
4. Transportation
Underground ore transportation involves moving the loaded ore to hoisting points. Transportation methods include mine trucks, electric carts, or belt conveyors. The transportation system must be designed rationally to ensure safe and efficient ore delivery.
5. Hoisting
Hoisting is the process of transporting underground ore to the surface using a hoisting system. Hoists or lifting equipment are primarily used to raise the ore to the surface. The safety and efficiency of the hoisting equipment directly affect the overall mining operations.
6. Ventilation
Ventilation is the process of ensuring air circulation in underground mines to provide fresh air and remove harmful gases. The ventilation system includes fans, air ducts, and air regulation devices, ensuring a suitable working environment underground.
7. Drainage
Underground mine drainage is the process of managing accumulated water within a mine, including groundwater and seepage. Using equipment such as drainage pumps and pipelines, the accumulated water is removed to prevent adverse effects on mining operations and equipment.
Process Description
Iron ore is the primary raw material for steel production, and steel is one of the core materials for modern industry and infrastructure development. Hematite has the chemical composition α-Fe2O3 and is an oxide mineral belonging to the hexagonal crystal system. It is polymorphic with magnetohematite (γ-Fe2O3), which crystallizes in the isometric system, and has a Mohs hardness of 5.5–6. 5. Hematite accounts for a significant proportion of China's iron ore resources, characterized by wide distribution, large reserves, and low grade. Compared with magnetite, hematite has finer mineral dissemination size and higher clay content, making mineral processing more difficult. Hematite deposits in China are widely distributed, mainly concentrated in provinces such as Liaoning, Hebei, Gansu, Anhui, Henan, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Guizhou, and Hubei.
Time period
2022
2026
Geography
China
Geography comment
Forming China's average data through data integration from multiple sources
Macroeconomic value
Business-as-Usual
Data validation
Yes
Technology
Current Technology
Technology comment
The underground iron ore mining process in China includes procedures such as drilling, blasting, loading, transportation, hoisting, ventilation, and drainage.