Cradle to Gate
Identity ID
3074ac23-4de2-4165-9dee-d7f7e689e51c
Materials
Associated ID
2c449ca5-8d68-4110-afbe-c9e91bc4563a
Included activities starts
Included activities ends
Description
Pyrolysis fuel oil is mainly used as an industrial fuel or deep-processing feedstock, can enter blended fuel systems, and can also serve as a feedstock for heavy aromatics utilisation and subsequent cracking processing; the dataset contains the main raw and auxiliary materials, energy, waste and atmospheric emissions of the production process, in which the preliminary treatment of wastewater in the auxiliary units and the waste gas treatment process are included within the dataset boundary, and infrastructure such as the manufacture of production equipment and the construction of plant buildings is not included within the dataset boundary; the data inventory is formed by merging data from multiple sources; the production activities of this product include feedstock cracking, separation and waste heat recovery; the dataset contains multiple products, allocated by mass combined with special rules.
Activity Description
The production activities of this product include raw material cracking, separation, waste heat recovery and other processes.
Process Description
Pyrolysis fuel oil is a heavy liquid hydrocarbon by-product produced by the steam cracking process. It is mainly composed of heavy aromatic hydrocarbons above C9, condensed ring compounds and high-boiling point hydrocarbons. It has a high boiling range, high density and high carbon residue tendency. This material is usually a dark viscous liquid, and its fluidity and viscosity are significantly affected by temperature. Pyrolysis fuel oil is mainly used as industrial fuel or deep processing raw material. It can enter the blended fuel system, and can also be used as feed material for the utilization of heavy aromatics and subsequent cracking processing.
Time period
2016
2026
Geography
China
Macroeconomic value
Business-as-Usual
Data validation
Yes
Technology
Current Technology
Technology comment
This dataset models a feedstock mix of naphtha, propane, and liquefied petroleum gas. At 800-900°C in a cracking furnace, longer-chain saturated hydrocarbons are broken down into shorter unsaturated compounds. The main products include ethylene and propylene, with hydrogen, mixed C4 hydrocarbons, and other co-products. Cracking-unit designs are broadly similar and require only minor modifications for local conditions. Naphtha remains the principal feedstock, although the shares of light components such as propane and butane and liquid feedstocks such as liquefied petroleum gas have increased in recent years. A portion of the by-product fuel gas is used in the cracking furnaces.
1. Cracking: Feedstocks entering the plant are preheated, mixed with dilution steam, and heated before cracking in the radiant section of the furnace. Liquid-feed furnaces use highly selective radiant coils for high-severity cracking, while gas-feed furnaces use multi-pass coils. Cracked gas is sent to the downstream separation section. Both liquid- and gas-feed furnaces are bottom-fired.
2. Separation: Heat is recovered from the cracked gas in a waste-heat boiler, after which the gas serves as stripping medium in the gasoline fractionator. The fractionator bottoms leave the plant as crude fuel oil, while the overhead stream is quenched in a quench-water tower and sent to compression. The demethanizer bottoms are sent to the deethanizer, and the deethanizer overhead enters an acetylene converter, where acetylene is selectively hydrogenated to ethylene and ethane.