Free fatty acids are one of the substances produced during the breakdown of neutral fats; this dataset includes primary raw materials, auxiliary materials, energy inputs, and atmospheric emissions associated with the production process, but infrastructure such as production equipment and facility construction is not included within the system boundary of the dataset; the inventory data were sourced from literature and optimized based on the best available information from 2022; the process of producing biodiesel from vegetable oil involves several steps including pretreatment, esterification, neutralization, separation and purification, and distillation, with free fatty acids being a byproduct of this process.