Steam is a by-product of the hot rolled bar production process. It is a key form of energy widely used for heating, electricity generation, and cleaning in many industrial and commercial applications. Hot rolled bearing steel bars are primarily used in the production of various precision bearings, such as ball bearings, roller bearings, and needle bearings. They are extensively applied in the automotive, mechanical engineering, railway, aerospace, and heavy industries. The production process of hot rolled bars includes billet preheating, rolling, and finishing, covering energy consumption, material usage, waste treatment, and environmental emissions associated with the production. This dataset is compiled from data obtained through multiple sources.