Cradle to Gate
Identity ID
e1793f88-dcd7-4012-a19d-281b67f6fcc8
Materials
Associated ID
f7d280e6-0c70-4e78-af8e-486a6c9a3c15
Included activities starts
Included activities ends
Description
This dataset represents a life cycle inventory (cradle-to-gate) of bituminous and anthracite production starting from open-pit coal mining, covering all activities related to raw coal production but excluding coal washing processes, as well as direct or indirect greenhouse gas emissions from the production of equipment such as conveyors and mining vehicles, personnel transportation during coal production, and daily office operations. The dataset was compiled from multiple data sources based on national standards such as "Clean Production Standards for Coal Mining and Preparation Industry" (HJ 446-2008), "Emission Standards of Pollutants for Coal Industry", and "Soil Environmental Quality Standards" of the People's Republic of China, and is representative of the average production level in Jilin.
Activity Description
This dataset describes open-pit mining processes, with the following operational procedures:
Drilling: Holes are drilled on the mining face of the mining area according to ore body distribution and mining design, typically using large drilling rigs. The primary purpose of drilling is to prepare boreholes for subsequent blasting operations.
Blasting: Blasting involves filling the drilled holes with explosives and detonating them to fragment the ore or rock. This process produces broken rock fragments, facilitating the following loading operations.
Loading: Large excavation equipment (such as electric shovels or hydraulic excavators) is used to load the blasted ore or rock onto hauling vehicles. The selection of excavation and loading equipment usually depends on the size of the ore body and geological conditions.
Crushing: Ore or rock undergoes initial size reduction to facilitate subsequent transportation or further processing. Crushing is typically conducted at the mining site or temporary crushing stations, aiming to reduce ore particle size and improve transportation efficiency.
Transportation: Transportation refers to the process of moving ore or waste rock from the mine site to designated locations. Large trucks, belt conveyors, or railways are commonly used. The choice of transportation routes and equipment depends on the mine scale and transport distance.
Dumping: Dumping is the process of transporting overburden, waste rock, or other non-ore materials to dump sites. Spoil heaps are typically located around the mine periphery, with considerations given to stability and environmental impacts.
Pollutant Treatment and Disposal: Waste materials, dust, and wastewater generated during open-pit mining operations must be properly treated. Dust is usually suppressed by water spraying, while wastewater is treated through sedimentation tanks and chemical processes before discharge, ensuring compliance with environmental regulations.
Ecological Restoration and Remediation: Environmental damage caused by mining activities must be mitigated through ecological restoration measures, including topsoil rehabilitation, vegetation restoration, and soil and water conservation. The goal of ecological restoration is to restore the natural ecosystem of the mined area and minimize long-term impacts on the surrounding environment.
Process Description
Lignite and anthracite coals in Jilin Province are widely distributed across the Liaoyuan coalfield, Meihe coalfield, Jinbaotun coalfield, Hunjiang coalfield, Yingcheng coalfield, Hunchun coalfield, Jiaohe coalfield, WanHong coalfield, Yangcaogou coalfield, Helong coalfield, and Yanbian coalfield. The raw coal has an ash content of 11–45%, total sulfur content of 0.23–2.84%, volatile matter of 12–55%, carbon content of 72.58–88.55%, and a net calorific value on an as-received basis (Qnet,ar) ranging from 2922 to 8626 kcal/kg.
Time period
2022
2026
Geography
China,Jilin
Geography comment
Forming Jilin average data through merging data from multiple sources
Macroeconomic value
Business-as-Usual
Data validation
Yes
Technology
Current Technology
Technology comment
Open-pit mining includes drilling, blasting, loading, crushing, transportation, waste dumping, pollutant treatment and disposal, and ecological restoration and management.